RAFAH, Palestinian territories — The Israeli military announced it was stepping up its bombardment of Hamas-controlled Gaza Saturday just hours after the first aid trucks arrived from Egypt bringing desperately needed relief to civilians in the war-torn enclave.

The military said it aimed to reduce the risks its troops would face as they enter Gaza in the next phase of the war it launched on Hamas after the militant group carried out the deadliest attack in Israel's history on October 7.

Hamas militants killed at least 1,400 people, mostly civilians who were shot, mutilated or burnt to death, and took more than 200 hostages, according to Israeli officials.

Israel has retaliated with a relentless bombing campaign that has killed more than 4,300 Palestinians in Gaza, mainly civilians, according to the Hamas-run health ministry.

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An Israeli siege has cut food, water, electricity and fuel supplies to the densely populated territory of 2.4 million people, sparking warnings of a humanitarian catastrophe.

Tens of thousands of Israeli troops have deployed to the Gaza border ahead of an expected ground offensive that officials say will begin "soon".

"From today, we are increasing the strikes and minimizing the danger," military spokesman Admiral Daniel Hagari told journalists Saturday.

"We have to enter the next phase of the war in the best conditions, not according to what anyone tells us."

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On a visit to a frontline infantry brigade, chief of staff Lieutenant General Herzi Halevi said troops were ready to deal with any surprises Hamas had in store for them in Gaza.

"Gaza is densely populated, the enemy is preparing a lot of things there—but we are also preparing for them," Halevi said.

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'Much more' needed

AFP journalists saw 20 trucks from the Egyptian Red Crescent pass through the Rafah border crossing from Egypt into Gaza on Saturday.

The crossing — the only one into Gaza not controlled by Israel — closed again after the trucks passed.

The lorries had been waiting for days on the Egyptian side after Israel agreed to a request from its main ally the United States to allow aid in.

UN chief Antonio Guterres said those 20 trucks fell far short of what Gazans needed, telling a peace summit in Egypt that "much more" aid had to be sent.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken welcomed the aid and urged "all parties" to keep the Rafah crossing open.

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But a Hamas spokesman said "even dozens" of such convoys could not meet Gaza's requirements, especially as no fuel was being allowed in to help distribute the supplies to those in need.

More than one million Gazans have been forced to flee their homes in northern Gaza, ahead of the expected Israeli offensive.

The humanitarian situation there is "catastrophic," five UN agencies including UNICEF and the WHO said Saturday. "The world must do more."

'Godawful nightmare'

In Cairo, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi hosted a peace summit attended by regional and some Western leaders.

"The time has come for action to end this godawful nightmare," Guterres told the summit, calling for a "humanitarian ceasefire".

"The grievances of the Palestinian people are legitimate and long" after "56 years of occupation with no end in sight", he added.

"Nothing can justify the reprehensible assault by Hamas that terrorised Israeli civilians", he stressed.

But he added: "Those abhorrent attacks can never justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people."

Arab diplomats who spoke with AFP on condition of anonymity, said the summit broke up without a joint statement, highlighting the gulf between Arab and Western countries on how best to bring lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians.

Western delegates demanded "a clear condemnation placing responsibility for the escalation on Hamas" but Arab leaders refused, the diplomats said.

Instead, the Egyptian hosts released a statement — drafted with the approval of Arab delegates — criticizing world leaders for seeking to "manage the conflict and not end it permanently".

Such "temporary solutions and palliatives... do not live up to even the lowest aspirations" of the Palestinian people, said the statement.

Israel bemoaned the lack of a condemnation of the October 7 attacks by Hamas.

"It is unfortunate that even when faced with those horrific atrocities, there were some who had difficulty condemning terrorism or acknowledging the danger," a foreign ministry statement said.

'Sliver of hope'

A full-blown Israeli ground offensive of Gaza carries many risks, including to the hostages Hamas took, whose fate is shrouded in uncertainty.

So the release of two Americans among the hostages — mother and daughter Judith and Natalie Raanan — offered a rare "sliver of hope", said Mirjana Spoljaric, president of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

US President Joe Biden thanked Qatar, which hosts Hamas's political bureau, for its mediation in securing the release.

He was working "around the clock" to win the return of other Americans being held, he said.

Natalie Raanan's half-brother Ben told the BBC he felt an "overwhelming sense of joy" at the release after "the most horrible of ordeals".

Hamas said Egypt and Qatar had negotiated the release and that it was "working with all mediators to implement the movement's decision to close the civilian (hostage) file if appropriate security conditions allow".

Devastation

Almost half of Gaza's residents have been displaced, and at least 30 percent of all housing in the territory has been destroyed or damaged, the United Nations says.

Thousands have taken refuge in a camp set up in the city of Khan Yunis in southern Gaza.

Fadwa al-Najjar said she and her seven children walked for 10 hours to reach the camp, at some points breaking into a run as missiles struck around them.

"We saw bodies and limbs torn off and we just started praying, thinking we were going to die," she told AFP.

In fresh exchanges of fire across Israel's border with Lebanon Saturday, Hezbollah reported the loss of four of its fighters while Palestinian militant group Islamic Jihad reported one fighter killed.

Violence has also flared in the West Bank, where 84 Palestinians have been killed since October 7, according to the health ministry.

Thousands marched Saturday in support of the Palestinians in cities in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom including nearly 100,000 in London.

© Agence France-Presse